Business - Project Management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business - Project Management - Dissertation Example Venture the executives incorporates building up an undertaking plan, which incorporates characterizing and affirming the venture objectives and targets, distinguishing assignments and how objectives will be accomplished, evaluating the assets required, and deciding financial plans and courses of events for completion† (All about Project Management n.d.). 25 Research Design and Methodology: 27 2.6 Methodology: 27 2.7 Research Design: 27 2.7.1 Operations and Lean Strategies: 27 2.7.2 Developments and Project Management Principles: 28 2.8 Analysis Strategy: 29 2.9 Validity and Reliability 30 2.10 Summary 30 2.11 TBD 30 2.12 TBD 30 2.13 TBD 30 2.14 TBD 30 2.15 Results Model (TBD) 30 2.16 Summary 30 3 Discussion 30 3.1 TBD 30 3.2 TBD 31 3.3 Summary 31 4 Conclusions: 31 4.1 Summary of Conclusions: 31 4.2 Weaknesses of the Research: 31 4.3 Future Research 31 4.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks 31 Figure 1 - Toyota Production System (King 2009, p. 9). 13 Figure 2 - Project Management Tr iangle (Phillips 2007): 19 Figure 3 - Improvement Methodology (Freire and Alarco'n 2002, p. 250). 29 1 Introduction: This thesis is a contextual investigation of an investigation and creation organization in the Oil and Gas Industry that has activities in six Continents. The rest of this report will allude to make reference to the subject of this Case Study as â€Å"The Company†. The Company has over 50 years of history and tries to be a main Independent Global Exploration and Production Company (IOC). In this exertion, it has developed its worldwide creation from 200,000 barrels for every day in the year 2000 to in excess of 400,000 barrels of oil for every day today. The capacity for an organization to develop its deals by six percent a year normal more than 12 years is heavenly accomplishment, as changes in the business make increments underway increasingly troublesome. Long distance race Oil, as indicated by Gelsi (2011), had an objective development of three to five perc ent for a similar period and has as of late expanded their objective development. This is an away from of the devotion to execution of The Company during the period that permitted it to surpass the desires for its friends during troublesome occasions in the Oil Industry. The Oil Industry has changed after some time and the quantity of enormous oil disclosures made as of late keeps on falling. Ibrahim (2007) clarifies that the level of enormous oil finds has fallen drastically and most huge discoveries are gaseous petrol and are situated in profound water or other significant expense working zones. IOC’s must acclimate to the changing condition where huge disclosures are uncommon. A second issue that detrimentally affects IOC’s benefit is the Nationalization of the current oil fields. The Nationalization of 65% of the World’s Oil fields (Fox, 2007) has significantly changed the serious condition for the Independent Oil Company (IOC). This diminishes the quantity of chances for the Independent Oil Company and builds the degree of rivalry between them. The expanded rivalry brought about by Nationalization has brought about most IOC’

An Article, a Short Story, and a Poem :: Writing Literature Volcanoes Essays

An Article, a Short Story, and a Poem This paper will examine and look at an article, a short story, and a sonnet as per; crowd, reason, setting, morals, and position. The article â€Å"Under the Volcano† is composed by Jack McClintock and is the most enlightening. The influence to have individuals move away from the peril territory of Mt. Rainier is unpretentious. The article records volcanoes that have ejected and when they did as such. All through the article there are pictures of volcanoes and the comparing content shows what is being done to screen them. The focal point of the piece is the risk to Seattle and Tacoma presented by Mt. Rainier. There is a delineation of the peril zones of Mt. Rainier when it goes off and the towns that would be crushed by it. The following piece is a short story called â€Å"A Very Warm Mountain† which is composed by Ursula K. LeGuin. This story is a direct record of what Mt. St. Helens resembled when it ejected. She additionally recounts news inclusion and what she compo ses too. She composes people’s responses just as her survey of the emission like a monster fireworks show. The third is a short sonnet entitled â€Å"Loo-Wit† and was composed by Wendy Rose. This sonnet gives Mt. St. Helens a female persona and discusses it as though it were a living lady. It recounts how mankind overlooked the admonition â€Å"she† gave and the devastation that followed. Each of the three pieces manage volcanoes and their effect on the current condition just as people’s responses. Every one of the three pieces were comparative in the target group and the author’s position in any case, they were differentiating in reason, setting, and the author’s morals. The reasons for these three pieces were profoundly unique. In McClintock’s article the intention is to advise individuals that there is a risk that can influence them. The most obtrusive way this is shown is by the guide that shows Mt. Rainier’s stream lines invading different urban areas including Seattle and Tacoma. The article additionally has a scene image of a major town with Mt. Rainier approaching over it out of sight. On the contradicting page is an image of Mt.

And Id Do It Again Books We Wish We Could Read Again for the First Time

And Id Do It Again Books We Wish We Could Read Again for the First Time Sometimes a reading a particular book can be  so amazing, so life-changing, or so personal, that when other people read it, you feel envious that you cant experience it for the first time all over again. Theyre not always the best books youve ever read, just books that made a difference in your life when you read them. Heres a list of books Rioters wish they could read again for the first time. Tell us yours in the comments! A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle My copy of A Wrinkle in Time is, well, wrinkled at this point. The cover is coming off, and it tends to flop open at my favorite chapter. That’s because I’ve been reading it, on and off, for almost 25 years. At this point, I’ve developed habits around reading it. I read my favorite parts slowly and skim the rest. I wish I could go back and experience the book as a whole, as it’s meant to be read, again, without anticipating what’s going to happen next. â€" A.J. O’Connell The Library At Mount Char by Scott Hawkins This is one of those questions I can probably come up with a long list of answers toranging from favorite childhood books (Matilda) to great thrillers I’d like to forget the “twist” tobut rather than driving myself insane trying to pick one, I’m going to go with a recent read. The Library At Mount Char was SO bananas, and awesome, and I desperately needed to know what was happening that I inhaled the book too quickly. I wish I could read it again, slowly, taking in each detail, character, and story. â€" Jamie Canaves Tracks by Louise Erdrich In some ways, this was a great door opening to the rest of Erdrich’s work. I had come across her before, but this book revealed her power. In other words, this novel was the beginning of a wonderful relationship with Erdrich’s stark yet beautiful magical reality. It made me value folklore, the struggle of producing it, and a window into a culture. After this book, something opened in my brain and I went seeking other works like hers and other authors. I borrowed the novel at the time of reading it and now that I’ve written this little post, I’m going to have to buy it and reread. Then hug it. â€" Jessi Lewis The Secret History by Donna Tartt You know those people who re-read Harry Potter over and over again because they love the experience of going back to Hogwarts? For several years that was me with The Secret History, and yes I know this isn’t about wizards but a group of cerebral misfits, and yet it had the same kind of draw. It was also the book that pulled me out of the classics and brought me into contemporary fiction. Before that, I didn’t know that a brand new book could make me as excited as something in the “canon.” I would love to read this book for the first time. Now each re-reading is almost too familiar, hitting those same notes, going through the same motions, with no room for surprise. I’d love to meet these characters for the first time all over again. â€" Jessica Woodbury Dreams From My Father by Barack Obama Not to be dramatic? This book changed my life. When I first read it, in 2005, I was deeply entrenched in the rhetoric of Sean Hannity and other Fox News personalities. I had strong negative opinions about Democrats in general, though I think President Obama’s book was the first time I ever allowed myself to listen to one. And I loved everything about Dreams. I grew for his insights on how racism is experienced, how class differentials operate, and on how we are formed by our connections to our family pasts. My connected political transformations weren’t immediatefor a while, I let myself think of then-Senator Obama as “the one good Democrat”but when the same pundits whose “insights” I’d relied upon started attacking him in 2008, I was armed against their untruths with the reality of Dreams. Years later, I’m embarrassed about where I was when I first read it, so I haven’t gone back. I’d love to experience Dreams afresh from thi s political vantage, and see how it strikes me sans preconceived notions of who Democratsor anyone, reallyare allowed to be. â€" Michelle Anne Schingler Pillars of the Earth by Ken Follett This was the first book I read that enraptured me so completely that I dreamed about it at night. I was completely caught up in every storyline, not just the “main characters.” The character building was slow and thorough, while the plot was easy to follow. Many book of this magnitude cause me to keep a notebook of who’s who and notes about subplots. Not so with Pillars. Not only did I not have to keep a notebook what was going on, but I couldn’t stop thinking about the characters. It was also the first historical fiction I read with minute historical details that I didn’t find distracting or Dickens-style overly detailed. It opened new genres for me I had been previously closed off to before and taught me about the benefits of reading outside my comfort zone. â€" Nikki DeMarco Matilda by Roald Dahl I hope that in your life you have or will come across a book that seems written for you. When I picked up Matilda as a shy, quiet child, I remember thinking for the first time that perhaps specialness isnt the exclusive property of the beautiful extroverts, but that bookish loners could also claim it. And as a soft-spoken kid, discovering the streak of wild daring and puckishness in unassuming Matilda was thrilling and inspiring. Dahl was so good at creating characters that are more than they seem. It wasnt even necessarily Matildas magical gift that defined her specialness, it was that she used her many hidden abilities to fight on the side of the ignored and belittled. While I cant recreate that first personal revelation I gained from Dahls story, Matilda is a book I return to time and again when I need reassurance. It has become one of my dearest friends. â€" S. Zainab Williams Slowness by Milan Kundera The first time I read this book I had what I think is the exact reaction the author intended: I slowed down, got into the mood, and just enjoyed the heck out of every page. The book is a slim one, with Kundera (as himself) at a French chateau on vacation telling a story that eventually weaves in several other stories: a Chevalier from eighteenth-century France visits the chateau and has a long, drawn out, extremely sensuous affair; while a friend of Kundera makes his own pick-up attempt, in real time real life. It’s all about recognizing that we live in a very fast paced life, and allowing a brief escape from that, to enjoy the finer details the world offers. It’s beautiful, but now every time I read it I just want that first-time feeling back, and sadly, it just doesn’t come. â€" Alison Peters Any Discworld book by Terry Pratchett Terry Pratchett got me back into reading after a very, very long drought. I picked up a Discworld book at randomMaking Money, maybe, or Going Postaland I was hooked immediately into his world. His on-point satire also has an enormous dose of heart that keeps me coming back and back again for characters that I love; meeting them again for the first time would be fantastic (especially since Sir Terry is no longer with us). â€" Susie Rodarme Moby-Dick by Herman Melville I first read Moby Dick when I was a kid. I’m talking like, when I was 10. My parents loved buying me classic novels, and in the case of Moby-Dick, had picked me up a watered-down version of the epic, with illustrations and bigger text for younger kids. I remember devouring that book as a kid, and then, when I was a teenager, revisiting the original. I marveled at how the book seemed to be about EVERYTHING, and gushed to my many friends who rolled their eyes. I’d love to have that feeling again with that book, the discovery that there was so much more to a story I thought I’d known years ago. Maybe I’ll read one of those “classics for kids” type books, a version of a classic I’ve yet to read, and try it again. Probably won’t be the same though. â€" Eric Smith The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman I don’t remember when I first read this book, but it changed my ways of thinking in two significant ways. It was the first book I remember reading that showed me what a really great narrative nonfiction writer can do, making a true story read with the same ferocity and impact as fiction. More significantly, it was the first book I read that showed me that even good people can make irreversible mistakes when they don’t take the time to truly understand some of our deep cultural differences. It’s a book I’m afraid to reread because I love it so much… I wish I had the chance to read it again. â€" Kim Ukura The Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling I am a total Potterhead, and I write this with a lot of pride! Even though I love re-reading the HP books when I am feeling nostalgic, I do find myself getting a bit bored because I know what’s coming. I would give anything to go through it all again, without knowing what Severus Snape is all about and that it all ends well for Harry, Hermione, and Ron. I feel like the magic has been somewhat ruined because I already know the story so well, so this was a no-brainer for me. â€" Nicole Froio Night Train to Memphis by Elizabeth Peters I first read this book in fifth grade, and it used to be my go-to comfort read. While objectively speaking it’s not the best book in the Vicky Bliss series, it’s the first one I read, and I do tend to remain loyal to my firsts. Not to mention the fact that it takes place on a Nile cruise, the heroine’s an art historian (over identify much, Tasha?), and she’s surrounded by handsome Egyptologists and dashing art thieves. I’ve read it so many times I lost count, and that’s why I wish I could read it againâ€"it just doesn’t offer the same sense of escapism as it used to. I find myself anticipating all the twists and turns instead of just relaxing into story, and I inevitably stop a few hundred pages in and move on to something else. Sadface. â€" Tasha Brandstatter Jane Eyre by  Charlotte Brontë  The beautiful writing makes this a joy to read every time, but I loved the suspense of not knowing what would happen the first time I read it when I was a kid. I wish I could recover the sense of mystery the book had when it was still new to me.  â€" Kate Scott Life After Life by Kate Atkinson Life After Life is so intricately constructed, and with such elegance, that reading it for the first time felt like magic. How could a book with such a complex structurefilled with layered timelines, repeated scenes, and subtle shiftswork so well? How could any book work so well? Any time you get to read Life After Life is a good time, but reading it again for the first time would be especially magical. â€" Derek Attig The Girl Who Circumnavigated Fairyland In a Ship of Her Own Making by Catherynne M. Valente  I read this book early in my career as a bookseller specializing in children’s books. I wasn’t super invested in kids books when I began the job, and I think Valente’s series is what really opened my eyes to the rich world of kids books that I’d been missing since “graduating” to adult books. I had such a visceral, positive reaction to this book (I wrote one quote on my arm immediately upon reading it) and, to date, it’s my most handsold kids book. I’d love to meet September, Saturday, and Ell again for the first time; to visit Fairyland and its provinces (especially my favorite, Autumn, with its town made of bread); and to read the end with a plot twist I honestly didn’t see coming. â€" Emma Nichols The Sandman by Neil Gaiman  This ten-volume collection, along with some of the mini-series and recent collection, is one of the most important works of my teenagedom, firing my rocket brain off to imagination spaces unknown. Gaiman’s The Sandman showed me the true power of the comic book medium, and what happened when you stopped playing with conventional plots. The King of Dreams must learn to change or die, and makes his choice; that’s the running arc of the whole series. But The Sandman was so much more than that: it was about story itself, about how myths and dreams and fables, and the power that each of these things have in our own lives to help us overcome adversity, deal with grief and trauma, ascend the cruelty of the world, and learn how to live well and how to be good and how to treat others. I’d not trade my teenage years reading them, and how they influenced me, but the chance to go back and meet Morpheus, Matthew the Raven, Lucien the Library, Fiddler’s Green, an d the ever lovely, Death? That would be quite a story, indeed, and one I’d love to read. â€" Martin Cahill Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen I love this book and have, like some sort of romantic comedy stereotype, read it every few years. I first read it at school, though, and I can’t help wishing my first time with it had been less about classrooms, essays, and exams and more about discovering Mr. Darcy for myself on a library bookshelf. â€" Rachel Weber Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes  I read DQ when I was 15 because at that time I had the urge to read every massive, classic novel I could get my hands on. When I started it, I assumed that it would be stodgy and/or boring because it was written so many centuries ago, but BOY was I surprised to find myself laughing hysterically with each passing chapter. The energy, comedy, and sheer ridiculousness made me giddy, and I understood more clearly then that great novels could be both accessible and enjoyable- and even hilarious. â€" Rachel Cordasco Flowers From the Storm by Laura Kinsale  I had discovered romance a short time before tackling this classic historical romance. (You know how I get mad when people say Fabio is on the cover of all romance novels? Okay, well you can say that about this one, because he was, and what over the top Fabiosity it is.) It’s one of those wacky plots only Kinsale can sell: A brilliant mathematician who is also a roguish duke has a stroke, the world thinks he’s “gone mad” and his scheming family tries to lock him away. But a demure, observant Quaker woman ends up, though a set of coincidences, becoming his support, his defender, and his champion, despite thoroughly disapproving of his materialistic ways. The intensity of the romance floored me. I rarely cry at fiction, but I was in tears several times reading this one. I think what makes it so special to me is not just how much I loved it (the audio version is also superb) but that it was the most complex and beautifully written romance I had read until that point. I didn’t think romance novels could be judged on the same merits as other kinds of fiction. Now I know better. â€" Jessica Tripler We Have Always Lived in the Castle by Shirley Jackson I read this book when I was eleven, simply because I saw it sitting in my teachers bag by her desk. I was curious to read what a grown-up was reading. (No, I didnt swipe it I got my own copy.) The copy I had didnt have a description on it, so I went in not knowing what I was about to read. And holy cats I could not believe what I was reading! Its a story told by  a teenage  girl, about her family. But not a normal family. It was so sinister and strange. I had no idea books could do that! For the first time I realized just how much stories can wriggle and transform in your hands. And the ending! It must have been such a mind-blower when it came out. Now practically every story told strives to have a twist. This book, it was magic. It is still magic. Evil, brilliant magic.  â€" Liberty Hardy

Entj Personality Essay - 964 Words

The ENTJ Report My personality type is ENTJ. Each letter has its own characteristic within my personality type. The E stands for Extraversion, N for Intuition, T for Thinking, and J for Judging. People with ENTJ personality types are natural born leaders. They like to take charge and direct people whenever they can. They’re self confident and career focused so they naturally fit in with the corporate world. Their strengths include being highly self confident, strategic thinkers, energetic, very efficient, strong willed and having excellent verbal communication skills. Some of an ENTJ’s weaknesses are impatience, poor handling of their own and other people’s emotions, intolerance, and stubbornness. Interestingly I found that Bill Gates,†¦show more content†¦This motivates and energizes me in way that I can’t really describe. One of the weaknesses that are listed I can directly relate to. Impatience with other people’s inefficiency is defiant ly a weakness of mine. I recall a time when I was working with my brothers. We were trying to get cut pieces of wood loaded onto my dad’s trailer. I wanted to get it done fast so I was trying to organize my brothers to get it done quickly and I noticed that my younger brother was going at a very slow pace and would frequently stop and wait. I didn’t like what I was seeing so I let him know right away that he needed to pick up the slack. After some time I realized that he wasn’t going any faster than he was before and I was growing very impatient by then so I ended up yelling at him. I realize that I try to come up with the most efficient and effective ways of doing things and try to have other people do it the same way and if they don’t I can lose my temper and that is a very recognized characteristic of an ENTJ. Since ENTJs are so driven to leadership they are usually very successful in business. They are very career focused so they fit into the corpo rate world quite naturally. They are constantly scanning their environment for potential problems which they can turn into solutions. They generally see things from a long range perspective and are usually successful at identifying plans to turn problems aroundShow MoreRelatedMy Personality Profile Of Entj1734 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding what makes us perform the way we do in our daily lives. The Meyers-Briggs personality type test gives us a glimpse into ourselves. This paper will discuss the different aspects of my personality profile of ENTJ (Extravert, iNtuitive, Thinking, Judging), plus the characteristics and validity of each personality type and its temperament; in my case is NT â€Å"The Rationals†, who love knowledge, ENTJ - The Fieldmarshals. It will also discuss the strengths and how to utilize the weaknessRead MoreMyers Briggs Personality Test : Evaluation997 Words   |  4 PagesThis week’s assignment will focus on Myers-Briggs personality test, which will include results from the Jung typology test. I have learned that my Jung Typology results is a ENTJ which put me in the Executive type of leadership position. ENTJ I will discuss ENTJ personality as a whole and the meaning of each letter within the results. Finally I will touch up on what I have learned as a whole and how to improve myself within my organization. ENTJ ENTJ according to Myers-Briggs are naturally born leadersRead MoreGB580 Unit 6 Assignment Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagesskills, and innovative mindset. My assessment shows that I am an ENTJ personality (Extroverted, Intuition, Thinking, Judgment). The ENTJ personality, better known as the Executive Personality, is definitely one I was more drawn to. The fundamental thought process of the ENTJ personality type is Extraverted Thinking and the ancillary function for ENTJs is Introverted Intuition. In agreement to 16 Personalities, â€Å"ENTJ personalities are very charismatic, rational and quick-minded. They are meant toRead MoreI Found That My Personality Type1738 Words   |  7 Pageswith your inner personality type can be a very beneficial tool to anyone. After participating in the Jung Typology test, I found that my personality type was ENTJ. After some extensive research into this personality type I found that were a lot of advantages of this personality especially in my line of work but there are also many things I can work on to make myself a better person both in my professional and personal life. One of the interesting things that I noticed with my personality test in particularRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Assessment Tool1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe Myers-Briggs Personality Assessment Tool Background The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ® (MBTI ®) tool has an extensive and prestigious history, which leads to its tremendous success today as the world’s most commonly used and recognized personality tool. Katherine Cook Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers, developed the MBTI tool in the 1940’s. The inspiration to start researching personality type theory began when Katherine first met the future husband of Isabel, Clarence Myers. FurtherRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1369 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper describes the results of the Myers-Briggs personality types of extravert, intuitive, thinking, and judging (ENTJ). These personality results identify potential careers and occupations, communication types, and partner compatibility information. The research will describe the validity of each personality trait and the characteristics associated with the personality of ENTJ. Additionally, the research is beneficial for my career to gain an understanding of how I can apply my strengthsRead MoreThe Mbti Assessment963 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership: The MBTI Assessment The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality assessment that helps to assess one s psychological preferences based on a psychometric questionnaire. These preferences were extracted from the typological theories proposed by Carl Gustav Jung writings in his book Psychological Types . The MBTI focuses on normal populations and emphasizes the value of naturally occurring differences. [1] Also recognized commonly as a behavioral assessment tool, the MBTIRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1343 Words   |  6 Pagesour personality type and temperament allows us to leverage our strengths and to recognize areas of weakness. This can also be extended to our interactions with others, so that we attempt to recognize the personality and temperaments of those around us, i.e. Typewatching, in order to facilitate more efficient and effective communication. In so doing, we can become better employees, managers, spouses, children, and, ultimately, for the Christian, more like Chris t. The Myers-Briggs Personality TestRead MoreMbti685 Words   |  3 Pagestheories of Carl Gustav Jung. The Myers-Briggs model of personality has many applications from team building to navigating midlife crisis. Its main purpose is to identify your preference. An example would be your hands. You are born with two foots; although as a child you tend to prefer either your right or left foot to kick a ball, same as with your personality.   I have done the Myers-Briggs test and my personality seems to match with the ENTJ type. I’m surprised that the 72 questions in theRead MoreTypes Of Personality Tests Out There844 Words   |  4 Pages There are many types of personality tests out there. Some of them are better than others. These tests are used to help determine the different personality types. Many employers use these tests to help place new employees. They also use them to help determine if an employee will work out or not. It can be important to know your own personality type. Understanding how you learn and what type of jobs might be best for you can be very helpful in your own life. Many employers use tests like the one

Exegesis Jonah - 4151 Words

JONAH OLD TESTAMENT EXEGESIS K. Andersen Old Testament BIB 303 November 28, 2012 Table of Contents Outline†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Content Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Nineveh and Jonah’s Decision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Main Characters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦8 Jonah’s Rebellion and God’s Grace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 PracticalApplication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.12 Outline 1. Content Analysis: Jonah 1:11-17 2. Background and Introduction: Jonah was instructed by God to go to Nineveh and preach the message of repentance to them. a. Nineveh was a terrible place at this time in history. a.i. It was the capitol of the Assyrian empire. a.ii. They†¦show more content†¦16 At this the men greatly feared the Lord, and they offered a sacrifice to the Lord and made vows to him. 17 Now the Lord provided a huge fish to swallow Jonah, and Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights.† In verse 11, the subject of the sailors thinking has turned from them to Jonah and what he has done to cause such a thing and how he can fix it.2 Since they know Jonah is a Hebrew and follows the Hebrew God, they have come to realize and fear his God. Since they asked what they needed to do with him in verse 11, Jonah’s response to them in verse 12 is not pleasing to them. If Jonah would die from being thrown over board then the blood of his life is on their hands and on their time. So in verse 13, the sailors exhaust their last option of trying their best to row back to shore. Earlier they were throwing the cargo overboard to lighten the ship, which considering what the Tarshish ships were famous for transporting, luxury items (see section: Nineveh and Jonah’s Decision, below) the cargo they discarded may have been of a valuable loss. The sea growing even wilder is an example of chaos and God’s willingness to upset the order of nature and his creation to draw hu mans closer to him and awareness of his existence. By verse 14, the sailors are crying out to God and asking for the blood ofShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism of Exegesis on Matthew 16: 13-19 A2553 Words   |  10 Pages Description: Exegesis on Matthew 16: 13-19 A. Literary Criticism Context. What follows and precedes your passage? Is your passage affected by this context? Matthew 16: 13-19 is where Jesus explains to the disciples for the first time that he is really the Messiah, which they had not known before, while Matthew had made his readers aware of the fact in the first chapter. Peter receives this knowledge as a revelation from God, which is why Jesus blesses him and commissions him as the new high

Vannah Free Essays

Two hundred and six years ago, high officials of two nations deliberately turned 5,000 square miles of Southwest Louisiana into a safe refuge for violent criminals who flocked to it from all over the young nation. This is how it happened. In 1803, the united States had paid France $15 million to abandon its claim to 828,00 square miles of land in the brand-new America. We will write a custom essay sample on Vannah or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was called the Louisiana purchase, but we TLD actually buy the land. America and France both claimed the land, and e paid France SSL 5 million to abandon its claim, leaving us as sole owners of the land. When the Louisiana Purchase was announced, Spain protested, saying France had no right to include a 5,000-square-mile strip of land in what is now Southwest Louisiana in the Louisiana Purchase. Spain said the land had been found by Spanish explorers and claimed for Spain. We argued that the Louisiana Purchase was history and we wouldn’t try to change It. Spain said It wanted its land. The argument got hotter. When both sides hinted they might use military force to support their claims, lore but not wiser heads stepped in. The cool heads suggested that the disputed land be set aside and belong to nobody until ownership was decided by peaceful negotiation. Both America and Spain liked the idea. Thus was born the Neutral Strip. The disputed land being put aside was bound on the West by the Sabine River in East Texas. It was bound on the East by El Arroyo, the Spanish name for what is now the Calcifies River. It was bound on the South by the Gulf of Mexico, and on the North by the 32nd parallel, which was near Southeast in Red River Parish. The Neutral Strip included all or portions of the present Louisiana parishes of De Sotto, Sabine, Nuthatches, Vernon, Rapider, Beauregard, Allen, Calcifies,Jefferson Davis and Cameron. The rules or the Neutral Strip were simple: I For whatever time it took to peacefully negotiate ownership, the disputed land would belong to nobody. I Nobody would be allowed to live on the disputed land, which would also be off-alms or anyone In the military or law enforcement. I Since the Neutral strip would have no Inhabitants, there was no need for laws, ordinances, ales or regulations. The Neutral Strip opened in 1806, and the response was immediate. The strip became known as No Man’s Land, and it seemed that every criminal in our young nation heard of it and moved into No Man’s Land. Squatters took over land uninvited. It seemed that anybody who asked got grants from Spain for small tracts of land. Runaway slaves sought refuge there. Convicts who escaped from prison disappeared Into No Man’s Land. So did military deserters , criminals sought for smuggling contraband goods, murderers, robbers, counterfeiters and rapists. Bands left No Man’s Land to rob trade caravans, then disappeared again in No Man’s Land. Other bands left long enough to rob homes and businesses before returning and melting into the lawless crowds in No Man’s Land. Even joint military units hesitated before entering No Man’s Land. Two raids, in 1812 and 1816, netted few arrests and caused little Interruption of criminal activities. Inside the strip, there Land kept loaded guns in their houses. A curious mind-set developed that was copied years later by lawmen in some cities. The feeling was that having the worst elements of society gathered into one area created more safety in other parts of the city or parish. The same mind-set that led to red light districts and allowed criminals to congregate in specific areas of a city or parish. There were several roads across the 50-mile width of the strip that retained the Spanish names of Camino Real (Royal Road) which became routes of terror for traders. Some traders skirted No Mans’ Land to the South by using schooners to carry goods to Galveston and other Texas ports for distribution. To the North, traders skirted No Man’s Land by going through upper Red River Parish. After 13 years of crime and violence in No Man’s Land, relief came from an unexpected source. The Adams-Ions Treaty of 1819, known as the Transcontinental Treaty, was a pact between the United States and Spain. It was mainly directed at Florida. Under the agreement, we paid Spain $5 million and Spain withdrew its claim on Florida. In what was considered a lesser clause in the Transcontinental Treaty, Spain also gave up its claim on any land in Louisiana. With that silent stroke, No Man’s Land died. How to cite Vannah, Papers

Causal Argument

Causal Argument-Binge Drinking Essay What Causes Binge Drinking Binge Drinking is an intriguing phenomenon that many college students take part in all across the country. The issue of binge drinking has been a problem on college campuses for decades. Binge drinking has many horrible effects, but the problem starts with the causes for it. If the causes could be controlled then the issue would not get out of hand. Many college students give different causes for their drinking problems, and experts on the subject have their explanations as well. The problem is, while growing through adolescence anything can become an excuse for drinking, such as its Thursday the day before Friday, we need to drink or, its the last Wednesday of the semester, lets get some beer. Binge drinking has different definitions but many would agree that Binge drinking has been defined as drinking more than 4-5 drinks in a row in one sitting. A drink is defined as a 12 ounce can or bottle of beer, a wine cooler, a four ounce glass of wine, or a shot of liquor (Rhodes 1). Others believe that men who consume 5-6 drinks and women who consume 4-5 drinks are also considered Binge Drinkers. Personally I do not think that sex matters, if someone is consuming multiple drinks to become highly intoxicated they should be considered a Binge Drinker. One article that covers the results of a national survey states that Adolescents levels of alcohol and drug use have been found to be strongly associated with peers use. However, other studies have shown that a students drinking was more strongly influenced by how much he or she thought close friends drank than by perceptions of the extent of use by students in general(Results 2). This is a statement that I can agree with because growing up I have watched many young people become greatly influenced by their friends. Now a days the phrase peer pressure concentrates on pressure from a direct group of friends rather than a students peers as a whole. Another reason the article gives for the cause of Binge Drinking is that Students who perceive that more drinking occurs than actually does provide themselves with an excuse for drinking more because everyone is doing it (Results 2). Everyone knows that most youngsters want what every other kid has, this idea relates in the same way. If everyone is doing it, then not only does it give the child an excuse to do it, but it also makes the child want to do it more. Many professionals believe that binge drinking is directly related to the environment that the child is in. One article states that Binge drinking, or the partying lifestyle of young people, may be related to an environment that appears to support heavy drinkingK Another factor that may add to the college setting as a high-risk environment for binge drinking is that youths on college campuses are targets of heavy marketing of alcoholic beverages. Beer companies are especially active in promoting to college students (Prevention 1). Environment is definitely a big contributor to the cause of binge drinking because once a child is living away from home it is a great deal easier to drink without the worry of parents. Another study was done on binge drinking by a man named Robert Ackerman. Ackerman believes that Students enter college with the idea that once they get there, drinking is what they are supposed to do(Message 2). This idea that students get is probably because besides schoolwork the other main thing related to college life is partying. One of Ackermans other ideas is very interesting, he believes that binge drinking is a reflection of American drinking practices in general. For decades Americans drank heavily on the weekend and then went to work(Message 2). Although it is true that Americans tend to be heavy drinkers sometimes, I dont believe that binge drinking takes after these drinking practices of the past. One statement Ackerman makes that I do believe is true is that binge drinking has to do with how much a student is involved in social organizations, other than Greek, such as church, community projects, family, and other groupsK It is not unusual to find a .

Alejandro Iglesias Essays (1088 words) - Education,

Alejandro Iglesias Sociology The Marriage and Family Experience January 7th How to NOT treat Child Geniuses In today's speech we are going to talk about a very interesting topic. Imagine being surrounded by a classroom of peers. And now imagine that these "peers" are all about ten years older than you as you sit in a University classroom at 12 years of age. This may seem like some movie scene that I'm describing, however this is the eventual situation that unfolds for many of the most precocious "child geniuses". This very general term is used to describe a child prodigy. That is a child typically under the age of ten who is capable of doing one or more fields at the technical level of an adult. Mozart would be a good example. Intellectually gifted children seem to not only experience different things in their lives compared to average children, they progress faster in respect to their chronological age mentally but not emotionally. The development of child genius's brain allowing them to perform at an adult level at one or more general tasks may show that higher intelligence is also linked to higher maturation in cognitive abilities. There is more evidence to support this than there is evidence to support that high intelligence means an equivalent level of maturation emotionally, largely because this has to do with life experiences that have to be lived over time for people to be mature. This which has implicit things to consider on behalf of educational institutions. Specifically it is not recommendable to move children of high intellectual ability out of the classroom with similar aged peers and then putting them into environments with people that are older. This does not afford these children with the opportunity to develop alongside same aged peers and could negative affect the socio-emotional state of the children over time I once knew a child who could be considered a "child genius". This child has a very poor childhood in my and many others opinions of those who knew him. I knew him all through growing up in elementary school. He was capable of doing high school level mathematics by the fifth grade. Although he was not separated from the rest of the classroom until around the sixth grade when we transitioned into middle school, those couple years were quite bad for him now that I think about it in retrospect. From first grade up until the fifth he was always treated very differently by the teachers, he often worked alone in separate rooms, had different assignments and textbooks than the rest of the students and was barely involved in many of the extracurricular activities. He always seemed to be ion a completely different schedule than the rest of his peers. It was almost immediately noticed by the rest of the other kids and I remember him being often picked on from the other kids. Even though he wasn't really bullied he was completely alienated from the others through the way that the school treated him and in retrospect looking at the situation through a more mature point of view I think that the child (I forgot his name) could have had a better experience if the school had handled his ability in a more productive matter. I believe that while he was certainly challenged educationally which is important, part of the role of school that's at least equally important is to literally socialize children. So, in these instances where schools tend to separate and alienate the gifted, they may be serving their higher ability for educational material, but what about them just being kids. Just because a ten year old can do theoretical physics like a fully grown man does not mean that he has the emotional maturity or life experience to best be surrounded by adults with whom the gifted child becomes "peers" with if this is implemented. Healthy development must include appropriate benchmarks not only in a mental sense for these children but rather in an emotional sense simultaneously. Because this is the healthy way for a child to develop in general, that is, with simultaneous emotional and mental benchmarks growing up, schools are fundamental in appropriating gifted students without divergence from

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear When selecting winter wear, our concerns usually are about how warm a piece of garment is, how expensive it is, and let’s face it, whether it is fashionable. Another factor should be part of our decision-making: how green is the insulation? There are many types of insulation materials, each with a different environmental footprint. There is no single material which can clearly be deemed most environmentally friendly, but here is some information about insulation material sustainability which will hopefully help you make the right decision for you. Sustainable and Ethical Down? Insulation down is made from the small fluffy feathers found underneath a bird’s quilled feathers. Down’s role is one of, no surprise, insulation. Down is particularly sought after as it has a very advantageous warmth to weight ratio and it maintains its loft, trapping warm air close to the body even after years of use. Down is usually obtained from the breast of geese and ducks after they have been slaughtered for food. However, there is evidence of some eastern European and Asian farms harvesting breast down feathers directly from live ducks, which then regrow the feathers. This inhumane method is painful to the bird, and many garment companies are trying to distance themselves from those live-plucking practices. Some large outdoor clothing manufacturers have established sustainable sourcing practices to ensure their down is produced ethically. For example, outdoor clothing giant The North Face is expecting that by the end of 2016 all of the down it uses will be obtained ethically through their in-house Responsible Down Standard certification. Outdoor clothing manufacturer Patagonia has a similar program called Traceable Down which sources down from farms where the waterfowl are not live-plucked. Patagonia also offers jackets and vests made with recycled down obtained from used comforters and pillows. The feathers are sorted, washed, and dried at high temperature before it is sewn into new products. Goose and duck down is a product with great insulation properties, but the very lightest and warmest down is grown by a sea duck found in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: the common eider. Eider down is obtained from wild birds, but not the usually way by plucking it directly from the duck. The eiders use their own down to line their nest, and trained harvesters visit nesting colonies where they pick up a portion of the down feathers found in each nest. This sustainable practice has no negative effects on the eiders’ nesting success, but it yields only about 44 grams of down on average per nest, and much less once it’s sorted and cleaned. Eider down is of course very expensive and is used mostly in high-priced comforters and luxury clothes. Wool Wool is a product with excellent insulation qualities, as it remains warm when wet. It has been used for centuries, and while its popularity declined after the development of synthetic products, wool is making a comeback in outdoor apparel and fashion wear. Merino wool in particular is sought after for its softness and wicking properties. A sustainability certification program, named ZQ, exists for wool from New Zealand Merino sheep. By definition wool is a renewable resource, but in reality the sustainability of wool is as good as the farming practices used to raise the sheep. Pastured sheep efficiently convert energy from grass with relatively little greenhouse gas emissions as compared to cattle. In more arid regions, overgrazed rangeland is often an unfortunate sight. Farmers markets can present a good opportunity to get to know sheep farmers and their practices. The markets are also a good place to meet farmers who raise alpaca, a relative of the llama known for its high quality wool. A Synthetic Solution? While synthetic insulation is not quite as warm as down, it has the significant advantage of not holding water and not losing its insulation value when wet. Unfortunately, synthetic insulation is made from oil byproducts in a process releasing significant greenhouse gases. To get around that, the main synthetic insulation makers offer versions of their products made, partly or wholly, of recycled materials. For example, PrimaLoft and Thinsulate offer recycled alternatives, and Patagonia produces fleece fabric spun from PET plastic (#1) recycled from soda bottles. Â   Unfortunately there is increasing evidence that polyester, which makes up most of the fibers used in synthetic insulation, has a water pollution problem. Every time a polyester garment is washed, tiny fibers get detached and washed down the drain. The fibers will not decompose the way cotton or wool would. Instead, polyester fibers are being found in bodies of water all over the world. There, the fibers contribute to the global microplastics pollution problem: persistent organic pollutants stick to the fibers’ surface, and aquatic microorganisms then suffer from ingesting them. Milkweed Yes, milkweed! Asclepias has long been known for its insulation properties, and has been used as a hypoallergenic pillow fill. Figuring out how to use it for clothing insulation has proven elusive until recently when a Canadian company developed a lightweight, effective-when-wet, very warm woven fabric made from milkweed. For now, it comes in limited applications and at a steep price, but as a bonus the commercially grown plant is only harvested after it has served as food for the monarch butterfly larvae. Make It Last! The most environmentally sustainable insulated garment is the one you don’t buy, so make the clothes you own last a long time. Knowing how to make basic repairs, like replacing a zipper or mending a tear, can stretch the functional life of a jacket for several more years. Purchasing quality clothing well-constructed by a reputable manufacturer in the first place pays off in the end, as it will likely last much longer than discount brands or cheap knock-off products.

A study of relationship between service advertising strategies and Dissertation

A study of relationship between service advertising strategies and consumers responses within hospitality industry - Dissertation Example Results The following mean ranges have been used for the substantive interpretations of the means: 1.00-1.49 – strongly disagree; 1.50-2.49 – slightly disagree; 2.50 – 3.49 – neutral; 3.50-4.49 – slightly agree; and 4.50 – 5.00 – strongly agree. Table 1a. Descriptive statistics: The advertisement caught my attention. Mean Std. Deviation Advert 1 3.94 0.80 Advert 2 3.76 0.86 Advert 3 4.17 0.66 Total 3.96 0.79 On the capacity of the advertisement to catch their attention, the means for all three advertisements all suggest agreement. Table 1b. One-way ANOVA: The advertisement caught my attention. Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 12.40 2.00 6.20 10.30 0.00 Within Groups 261.77 435.00 0.60 Â   Â   Total 274.18 437.00 Â   Â   Â   The one-way ANOVA suggests that there is a significant difference among the three advertisements’ ratings on attention getting capacity (F=10.30, p=.00). The post hoc tests in Table A1 (Appendix A) indicates that Ad 3 received significantly higher means than the other two advertisements. Ad 1 is likewise more effective than Ad 2 on this aspect. Table 2a. Descriptive statistics: The advertisement elicited my interest in the hotel being advertised. Mean Std. Deviation Advert 1 3.84 0.63 Advert 2 3.79 0.72 Advert 3 3.99 0.58 On the capability of the advertisement to elicit interest in the hotel, all means suggest agreement by the respondents. Table 2b. One-way ANOVA: The advertisement elicited my interest in the hotel being advertised Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 3.31 2.00 1.65 3.98 0.02 Within Groups 180.79 435.00 0.42 Â   Â   Total 184.09 437.00 Â   Â   Â   On the capability of the advertisement to elicit interest in the hotel being advertised, the F-value indicates that there is indeed a significant difference among the ratings given to the 3 advertisements (F=3.98, p=.02). Table A2 (Appendix A) indicates that Ad 3 garnered significant ly higher ratings than the other two advertisements on this facet. Table 3a. Descriptive statistics: I felt the conviction that what is shown in this advertisement must be true, and developed a positive disposition on my part. Mean Std. Deviation Advert 1 3.33 0.82 Advert 2 4.10 0.78 Advert 3 4.26 0.62 On the conviction that what is shown in this advertisement must be true and developing a positive disposition on the respondents, Ad 2 and 3 garnered agreement. However, Ad 1 received a neutral rating. Table 3b. One-way ANOVA: I felt the conviction that what is shown in this advertisement must be true, and developed a positive disposition on my part. Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 72.18 2.00 36.09 64.61 0.00 Within Groups 242.99 435.00 0.56 Â   Â   Total 315.17 437.00 Â   Â   Â   The one-way ANOVA for statement 3 suggests that there are significant differences yielded for the ratings given to the 3 groups (F=64.61, p=.00). The results in Table A3 (Appendix A) indicates that Ad 3 got higher ratings than the other two ads on this facet, whereas Ad 2 received a higher rating compared to Ad 1. Table 4a. Descriptive statistics: I would like to know more information about this hotel by looking it up in the telephone directory and calling this hote

Addictions Theory- Theoretical Conceptualization Essay

Addictions Theory- Theoretical Conceptualization - Essay Example Many theories have been developed to explain why people become addicted. Key among them is the disease theory of drug addiction. As aforementioned in the abstract, the key reason why people become addicted is related to the personal choices one makes. It is not by any means as a result of any kind of disease. It is worth noting that in a real disease, there are parts of the body which are usually in a state of physiological dysfunction, and this then causes symptoms which are not desirable. For instance, when it comes to cancer, the mutated cells would be the proof of a physiological abnormality. Looking at diabetes, low insulin production or failure of cells to use the insulin in the right way can be pointed as the physiological malfunctioning that is behind the harmful symptoms. If one has either or both of the aforementioned diseases, one cannot decide to make a choice of stopping the symptoms or opt to end the physiological malfunctioning which generates the symptoms. Such patients can only opt to end the physiological malfunctioning in the body through taking medicine, and in the diabetes case, treatment measures indirectly stops the symptoms. In addiction, there is no existence of physiological dysfunction of the body. The best physical proof fronted by proponents of the disease theory falls completely off the representing measure of a physiological malfunction. This is the widely touted brain scan. The National Institution of Addiction and Drug Abuse (NIDA) is the organization behind fronting the brain cells. NIDA defines addiction as a chronic brain disease which includes compulsive drug use and seeking, inspite of the obvious harmful consequences (NIH Medicine Plus, 2007). That it is regarded as a brain disease since drugs normally alter the brain structure and the way it operates. Such changes to the brain can last for a long time and often lead to the damaging behaviors observed in those people who abuse drugs. NIDA gives an outright

Applications of Semiconductor lasers

Applications of Semiconductor lasers Abstract- Semiconductor lasers have the potential to meet the demands of next generation high speed optical network applications and also have great impact on various other technology domains. Its low cost, easy wavelength tune ability, low power consumption and pure output make it ideal for optical communication applications. This paper is a review of the merits, demerits, current applications, commercial availability and future directions of semiconductor lasers in optical communication. Comparative analysis of these semiconductor lasers with respect to various parameters also been conducted. Keywords: Semiconductor lasers, Fabry-Perot laser, Distributed feedback (DFB) laser, External Cavity Diode Lasers (ECDL), Multi Quantum Well (MQW) laser, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) i.Introduction The semiconductor lasers were discovered in 1962 by Robert Hall and his team members [1, 2]. With the advent of this technology patents and articles started to publish on this technology but at that time this technology was not mature enough to realize the dreams of the scientists, engineers and physicist. But with advancement in the field and the enabling technologies soon made it possible to produce inexpensive commercially available semiconductor laser. The invention of semiconductor lasers not only revolutionizes the optical communication but it has many applications in other domains also. Semiconductor lasers are one of the popular optical communication light source for data transmission. They are supposed to be the laser of the future, because of their compactness in size, easy integration, more output power, optical pumps for solid-state lasers (primary light source i.e laser diode pumps another solid state lasers) and their rapid improvement. Semiconductor lasers are essentially diodes which produces coherent light through the process of stimulated emission. They uses semiconductor as a gain medium. The gain medium is pumped by an external source, which is electrical in nature in case of semiconductor lasers [3]. As they are basically p-n junctions, so they are compact and can be fabricated on large scale by the use of advance semiconductor IC technology. Semiconductor lasers are very efficient in converting electrical power into optical power [10]. In section.II basic types of semiconductor lasers are described in terms of their basic working procedure, advantages, disadvantages, commercial availability future directions and applications. Section.III produces the comparison of semiconductor lasers with respect to various parameters and section.IV contains the conclusion. II. Types of semiconductor lasers Following are the basic types of semiconductor lasers Fabry Perot (FP) Lasers Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers Multi Quantum Well (MQW) laser External Cavity Diode Lasers (ECDL) Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) A. Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers In FP lasers, mirrors create the right condition for the lasing to occur. Resonate cavity is formed when two mirrors are put in front of each other. The bouncing of light will take place between these two mirrors, the distance between these two mirrors are adjusted in such a way that this distance is the integral multiple of half wavelength, only is such scenario light will reinforce itself. Wavelengths that are not resonant they undergo destructive interference and deflect. One of the two mirrors is fully reflective and the second mirror allows very small amount of light to pass through [4]. Figure.1.a: Fabry Perot Laser conceptual structure, Ref: [4] Figure.1.b: Fabry Perot Laser structure, Ref: www.scholar.lib.vt.edu A.1. Advantages FP laser gives comb of (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) ASE peak uniform in frequency [5]. FP laser can be used for transmission of data with multimode optical fiber [6]. FP laser also have uniform intensity over Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) [5]. Perfect for optical links where long term power and wavelength stability is required. A.2. Disadvantages High dispersion in high speed and long transmission system because the spectral width can span as much as 5 nm [6]. At 2.5Gbps and higher the wavelength center of FP laser goes out of wavelength tolerance. Not suitable for long distances. With the improvement in VCSELs technology, applications of 1310 nm and 1550 nm applications are moving from FP laser to VCSEL. A.3. Future directions and Applications Increase in bandwidth up to 15 GHz (the running value) by reducing low frequency roll off parasitic effects of bias circuits by injection locking [7]. FP lasers can generate single longitudinal mode laser [8]. FP lasers external optical modulator for optical access network [9]. Spectral width of FP laser allows transmission to distances of 40 Km at 1.7 Gbps.[5] FP offers Corse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) with channels at 1.3ÃŽÂ ¼m and 1.5ÃŽÂ ¼m simultaneously on a single fiber [5]. FP lasers offer benefits in LAN that use one wavelength per fiber [6]. FP laser can be used as multi wavelength source of Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) for spectrum sliced [5]. The 1550 nm FP laser can support Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) [6]. A.4. Commercial availability of FP lasers Multiple Application Platform (MAP) FP laser [9] is FP laser source with key features like single mode or multi mode output, internal modulation, LAN extensions for instrumentation (LXI) compliant etc. This device has weight of almost of half kilo gram is capable of operating on different optical fibers such as Flexcorà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ and SMF-28 [10] with operational temperature range of 10à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C to 40à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C. This product is commercially available. B. Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers In FP laser there is feedback of light from the mirrors, this light feedback can be provided in distributed manner by series of closely spaced mirrors/reflectors (means there is a periodic variation in the width of the cavity). There is a corrugated section in the cavity; the incident light passes through section causes series of reflections. If the corrugation period is the integral multiple of half wavelength (Bragg condition) the resulting transmitted wave will add in phase. This mechanism suppresses other longitudinal modes and allow only single longitudinal mode whose wavelength is equal to twice the corrugation period. [11] Figure.2. DFB laser structure [4] B.1. Advantages DFB lasers provides better wavelength stability than cleaved end face laser [12] The line width of DFB is less than that of reflective end face lasers [12]. Low chirp [13] Better wavelength selectivity. DFB laser is used in high performance system because of its narrow spectral output width [6]. B.2. Disadvantages The amplitude of the standing wave is fixed because of gratings Emitted wavelength near threshold current cant be controlled [14] Wavelength chirp is associated with the spatial burning of the carrier holes. Some values of rare facet phase give unacceptable performance. B.3.Future directions and applications of Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers All optical flip-flop is one of the building block for fast optical packet switching as it temporary stores the header information while the payload is routed to the correct output port. Single distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode based, all optical flip flop can be used to serve this purpose. Experimental results shows that DFB lasers can provide optical memory in an economical way and at the same time shows fast switching of optical packets (as low as 45 ps can be achieved). Using DFB lasers as an all optical flip flop 40 Gbps can be switched. [15] Used in DWDM system where tune ability of signals are required. Used in the sensing of extreme narrow line width of the signal. B.4. Commercial availability of Distributed Feedback laser The production of Quantum dot pure Green laser [16] is possible by using DFB laser technology. DFB laser gives high reliability for optical communication to form quantum dot crystal with a wavelength of 1064nm [16]. There is significant amount of reduction in power consumption for converting 1064nm quantum dot laser from electricity to light by the use of DFB laser. C. Multi Quantum well (MQW) lasers In Quantum well lasers the active region is very narrow which causes quantum confinement to occur. The wavelength which emits is dependent on the width of the active region rather than the band gap. This feature gives shorter wavelength than conventional lasers [17]. Figure.3. Cavity structure of MQW laser [4] C.1. Advantages Enhanced gain due to quantum well structure and gain co-efficient is usually 3 times or more than single layer FP laser [13] Produce shorter oscillation wavelength Smaller linewidth enhancement factor (ÃŽÂ ±), at larger linewidth enhancement factor the laser instability is enhanced [13]. Small optical losses Better confinement of laser actions because of multiple active regions. Low threshold current High modulation speed Low temperature dependency C.2. Disadvantages The internal structure of MQW laser is designed such that it is more susceptible to back reflections. C.3. Future directions and Applications Modulating retro reflector combines optical retro reflector and optical modulator (MQW lasers). Strained quantum well technology can become the core technology for high performance semiconductor device by expanding the flexibility of band engineering [18]. Optical repeaters, as it gives saturated output power to about 3dBm. C.4.Commercial availability of MQW lasers SANYO GaAlAs index guided laser diodes with MQW structure, these are infrared powerful lasers source [19] of maximum power up to 200mW and wavelength range of 782nm to 830nm is commercially available. SONY GaAlAs index guided laser diodes with MQW structure; these are infrared powerful lasers source [19] gives optical power range from 90mW up to 60W. This huge optical output power gives high brightness. D. External Cavity Diode Lasers (ECDL) ECDL can also be used to achieve the single longitudinal mode wavelength. ECDL is a semiconductor based laser with one end of the laser diode has anti reflective coating and laser resonator is completed with collimating mirror and external mirror. As they are tunable lasers so for wavelength selection they use diffraction gratings. End mirror contains collimating lens and diffraction grating. The anti reflective coated end of the diode gets feedback from the diffracted beam. Tuning of the emitted wavelength is done through the rotation of the diffracting grating. There is some more variation for this setup. [11, 20] Figure.4. EDCL setup Ref: www.clu-in.org D.1.Advantages Side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is better than -40 dB and has narrow intrinsic line width Pulse repetition rate can easily be selected [21] Filter can be inserted for the fixing of emission wavelength in mode locked diode laser [21] etc. D.2. Disadvantages The direction of output beam changes by rotating the diffraction grating which not suitable for many optical communication applications. In fixed direction of the output beam, the zero order reflection of the beam bounced by the mirror is lost. D.3.Future directions and applications Tunable continuous wave THz radiation can be generated by the use of dual mode ECDL from 250 MHz to several THz [22] Without mode hopping wavelength tuning over 40 nm around 1550 nm is expected by new configuration of EDCL with all dielectric thin film Fabry Perot filters. [23] Atomic clock: ECDL is used in the optical system of the atomic clock; it is used for the cooling and the detection of clock transition. [24] Mode locked ECDL are mostly used in optical communication (DWDM) for data transmission. [21] Testing and measurement in optical fiber communication Non-linear frequency conversion. D.4. Commercial availability of ECDL TEC-100 and TEC-120 [25] External cavity diode Littrow laser system gives optical output power up to 200mW and running range (mod-hop free) up to 30GHz. DLX-100 [26] External cavity tunable diode gives output power up to 1W and mod-hop free tuning up to 15GHz. E. Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) VCSEL achieves single longitudinal mode operation in different manner. The active region is placed between two highly reflective surfaces/mirrors. These two reflective surfaces have alternated high and low refractive index. The reflectivity of the surfaces is between 99.5-99.9% that is why light oscillates perpendicularly through the layers and emits from the top or the bottom of the device. [27] E.1. Advantages It has high wavelength stability It is less sensitive to temperature (can operate reliably up to 80 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C) Less refrigeration is required for VCSEL as it operation do not emit much heat. It provides high powered per unit area ( up to 1200W/cm2) It emits circular beam as a transmitter which leads to small optical loss. Figure.5. VCSEL structure [4] E.2. Disadvantages Because of high mirror reflectivity in the VCSEL internal structure lowers the optical output power. They emit low output power (in mW) because of their small active medium volume. InP based VCSEL suffers from having low conduction band offset, low conduction band offset means low confinements of electron which results improper temperature stability of active material gain. To produce longer wavelength in VCSEL, mechanism of double fusion is used. This mechanism increases the cost as it is complicated procedure [28]. E.2. Future directions and applications of Vertical External Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VECSEL) [20, 32] There is an issue of optical power supply for Si-photonics transceiver which are being developed for high density optical interconnect on parallel processors can ideally solved by VECSEL as the emits in 1330 nm and 1550 nm. [29] High speed modulation up to 25 Gb/sec can be achieved by using VCSEL at low current of 7.4 KA/cm2. [30] Fast modulation frequency (in GHz) made its use in optical fiber communication as transmitter Ideal for local and metro area networks as they produce low output power. Threshold less laser [31] etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ E.3. Commercial availability of (VCSEL) VCSEL technology has flourished and gives wide range of products with ultra low noise, narrow line width, high optical output power (up to 1kW) and high speed modulation (speed >5GHz) [27]. For high optical output power up to 1KW, a module for cooling of this system is used and fiber is pigtailed for high brightness VCSEL array. VCSELs are commercially available in blue, green and UV lasers [27]. iii. Comparison of semiconductor lasers In this section DFB, ECDL, MQW and VCSEL are compared with respect to different parameters and their suitability as optical transmitter in different optical networks. Parameters Tuning agent Output power ( in dBm) Tuning speed Modulation speed Lasers DFB Temperature 13 Slow (m-sec) Fast (multi-GHz) MQW Quantum confined stark effect ~7 Fast( Fast(multi-GHz) VCSEL MEMs Optically pumped 6 Electrically pumped -3 Fast(ÃŽÂ ¼-sec) Fast ( few GHz) ECDL Peizo transducer ~13 Slow(m-sec) Slow ( Table.1: Comparison of semiconductor lasers Table.1 shows relative analysis of semiconductor lasers. Each semiconductor laser has got competitive advantage with respect to different parameter. Table.2 gives a comprehensive view of the semiconductor lasers and their application in a specific network type as an optical transmitter. Semiconductor Laser Network type FP laser Short to medium range (Local Metro) Networks DFB Laser Long haul network MWQ Laser Short to medium range (Local Metro) Networks ECDL Long haul network VCSEL Short to medium range (Local Metro) Networks Table.2: Semiconductor lasers with their network type support Lasers Max spectral output width FP 5 nm VCSEL 0.5 nm DFB 0.1 nm Table.3: Spectral width comparison of short range lasers Spectral output width measure the range of the wavelengths produce by a laser. From table.3 it is evident that DFB laser has the narrowest spectral output width, which makes DFB laser the best choice for high performance short range optical transmission systems. iv. Conclusion This paper gives a review on the semiconductor lasers, their working, applications, commercial availability and future directions. Relative analysis of these lasers shows that they have competitive advantage in one or other laser parameters and this analysis also shows that which semiconductor laser is appropriate to which type of optical network. Semiconductor lasers have wide applications in optical fiber communication. Lots of exciting research is going on in this field and there is still room of improvements.

Personal Computers vs Console

Personal Computers are much more advanced than any console available on the market today or any other day. In the PC world players reap many more benefits in online and offline gaming. These benefits keep growing in numbers as developers of the consoles continue to argue between themselves about who provides the better support or who offers more games at better quality. Actually, there is no contest as Ed Ricketts of Techradar. com states, †While Xbots and the Sony Defense Force argue among themselves, and Wii-ers throw even more ridiculous shapes pretending to play he tambourine or something, there is another group of gamers who quietly, and happily enjoy the best of the gaming platform yet. The PC†. Ed makes a strong point here. As Sony and Xbox developers argue, we PC gamers continue to offer outside support for games in Beta or even full-release games. Games that are no longer supported by the software developer due to outdated games or recently shut down companies, are still supported by the online gaming community through constant and tedious efforts. This is a showing of the true dedication to improve the experiences for everyone who enjoy PC aming. Personal Computers do not suffer from the hardware restrictions of a console, they can be easily fixed, upgraded, and maintained. Consoles are delicate and difficult to service. If there is hardware failure on a game console it has to be sent to the company for repairs. This can take weeks, or it can be serviced locally for a heavy fee. Although most PC's are used only for simple processes such as; Microsoft Office, a multitude of browsers and e-mail services, they are not restricted to the same limitations as consoles. Consoles can only use software provided by the developers, or require illegal emulators to run out sourced software. The advantages of a PC are not limited by anything but the continuous evolution of technology. When a new technology is released gamers in the PC world are the first to experience it, as companies such as Sony, Xbox(Microsoft), and Nintendo, struggle to keep up with modern technology. Consoles suffer from the inability to upgrade until the release of the next new console, which is still typically outdated technology. When the PS2 and the Xbox first came out their technology was already two years old! Aside from the PC supporting higher resolutions and soon-to-be exponential refresh rates, it can adapt to both newer and older games as it is reverse compatible always! Another statement by Ed Ricketts that is well founded was, †With the aforementioned higher resolutions and textures, chances are a new PC game already looks better than its console counterpart right now. Even if one cannot run a PC with all the visuals tweaked to the max, processor and graphic cards prices drop so quickly that it is hardly ank-breaking to refit a personal computer. â€Å"(2008) Ed has a valid point, we in the PC world can suffer from heavy expenses to upgrade a computer but, as technology is outdated almost every four months the prices drop quickly for new but slightly outdated hardware. These hardware updates will always take the PC beyond the limitations of any console. User interface is a very important aspect of ele ctronics. As such, a lot of time and research has been put into controller and keyboard designs. Computers use the same. QWERTY key layout that was first patented in 1868 (Liebowitz, Margolis 1996). Because of this, the keyboard that you find on your computer has had more than 140 years research and development to find a suitable style for users. This has resulted in an almost universal keyboard design and layout that is virtually identical across the market making it very seamless and almost unnoticeable when you switch from one Keyboard to another, regardless of what the brand on the computer is. On the other hand, the first gaming console introduced to the public was only released in 1978 (Kirby, 1982). Since then many gaming consoles have been developed and released to the public, each with its own take on how a controller should feel in the hand. With this, every console on the market with the exception of PlayStation 1, 2, and 3, have completely different controller design which makes switching from one console to another sometimes tedious. With time all consoles developed will eventually conform to a single design. There is no doubt to be a single interface device for all console games but until that time if one eeks the comfort of familiarity, the keyboard is a reliable source. As one looks back on the times and the changes that the country has endured, in regards to electronics, there has to be some thanks given to those who have made society’s lives easier. Obviously, life is simplified by the advances that have been made to PC’s and gaming consoles. Look back at the times and appreciate what the â€Å"nerds† have given to the world. Life will never be th e same and it will be forever advancing. PC VS. console gaming is by far a different world. Be it PC or console, there is lways going to be people who prefer one over the other. References Ricketts, E. (2008). TechRadar. Retrieved from http://www. techradar. com/news/gaming/12-reasons-pc-gaming-is-better- Liebowitz, S. , & Margolis, S. E. (1996). Typing errors. Reason, 28(2), 28. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Kirby C. Odyssey? (North America Philips — Magnavox): The Lost Opportunity. Black Book – Video Game Industry (December 1982) [e-book]. Bernstein Global Wealth Management; 1982:57-58. Available from: Business Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 7, 2011.

Choosing Top Ten Persuasive Essay Topics Is Simple

Choosing Top Ten Persuasive Essay Topics Is Simple Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. They need more practical subjects to learn how to use different things. They should keep their mobile in silence so as to not disturb the class. They are supposed to write persuasive speech as part of their assignments. Well, first, you are going to want to find good persuasive speech topics. Thus, a speech should be organized. You've been requested to provide a persuasive speech. If you still don't understand how to prepare an intriguing speech, EssayShark can assist you. In order to reach terrific benefits, you should learn to persuade. The ideas you'll find here will surely inspire you and provide you some new ideas. You will be happy to know that it has best deals like gift vouchers etc. and should you shop above thousand then you'll get totally free delivery too. If you do have to go over a number of topics, it's much better to compose individual emails for every one of them. Finding the Best Top Ten Persuasive Essay Topics Possessing the most effective informative speech essay ideas isn't enough. There are several factors you should concentrate on when choosing a persuasive speech topic. A persuasive essay is a powerful tool when you will need to supply a new vision of a specific to pic for the reader. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. For one to have the ability to earn an amazing persuasive speech, an individual must pick a topic that the listeners can relate to. It's great whenever you are interested in what it is that you are telling about the audience. It's also wise to attempt to comprehend your audience's dominant perspective. To begin with, you have to be aware of your intended audience very well. Appropriate writing and presentation is the secret to success. Whenever your speech is written properly, you are aware that you'll have the ability to convince your audience by means of your viewpoint. You do not need to be formal when writing your thoughts. When choosing persuasive speech topics, you also need to take into consideration where you could be comfortable. How to Get Started with Top Ten Persuasive Essay Topics? Sure, with this kind of a substantial selection of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. Use what you read to assist you create some search terms, and to assist you choose your own position. It's hard picking a topic for your speech because there are many choices so look at these factors when deciding. Spending time to select the most suitable topic will help you submit a great assignment. You should be aware of whether they know anything about this issue, which side they are on and so forth. In precisely the same time, you can get a popular topic, but just in an instance, you've got something new and important to say. There are many intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to consider about doing it. Naturally, giving a fantastic persuasive speech requires more than simply selecting a very good topic. Each time you wish to make sure your persuasive speech success, you ought to go far past the topic and words you have prepared. It's best in the event you choose a topic in which you get a genuine interest in as you'll be doing plenty of research on it and if it's something which you take pleasure in the procedure will be significantly easier and more enjoyable. You ought to know that all stages of speech preparation are important, and not just just choosing the ideal topic.

Gender Differences On Negative Emotions During The...

Not knowing where these biases have come from, but it has been instilled in human beings at a young age that females show gentle emotions, and males show more aggressive emotions. â€Å"Sayings such as ‘boys don’t cry’ and ‘sugar and spice and everything nice—that’s what little girls are made of’ reflect cultural beliefs and expectations that girls show cheeriness or sadness, whereas boys are strong and calm, showing anger if necessary† (Chaplin Aldao, 2013). Before this study, there were only empirical reviews of happiness expression. There has been no empirical review of gender differences on negative emotions during the childhood and adolescence stages. â€Å"Learning is a key feature of healthy social emotional development† (Chaplin Aldao, 2013). As stated in the article, an infant communicates through a series of emotions when it needs something, like when the child is hungry or when the child needs its diaper changed, or when the child just wants attention in general. The child â€Å"develops flexible patterns of facial, vocal, and behavioral expressions of emotions that allow them to communicate their feelings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chaplin Aldao, 2013). Social relationships are developed by children’s emotional expressions. If children are not able to express themselves or are limited to emotion expression, it is a higher risk that the child may develop a compromised socioemotional functioning and a risk for developing psychopathology. â€Å"†¦Boys are more likely to have conduct problems such asShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Social Anxiety1462 Words   |  6 Pagesplayed by environmental aspects. On the other hand, cognitive process modify the thoughts of an individual during the course of development (Albano Kendall, 2002). This research highlights that in early adolescence thinking abilities are developed adequately for individuals to recognise and develop their own cognitive worlds (Albano Kendall, 2002). 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